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Grammatical commodity in English language

The () is a grammatical commodity in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. The is the virtually frequently used discussion in the English; studies and analyses of texts have institute it to account for vii percent of all printed English language-language words.^[one] Information technology is derived from gendered articles in Old English language which combined in Heart English and at present has a unmarried form used with pronouns of whatsoever gender.^[a] The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with whatsoever letter of the alphabet. This is different from many other languages, which accept dissimilar forms of the definite article for dissimilar genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In about dialects, "the" is pronounced as /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed by a schwa) when followed past a consonant sound, and every bit /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed by a vowel sound or used as an emphatic form.^[2]

Modern American and New Zealand English have an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and apply /ðə/, even before a vowel.^{[three] [4]}

Sometimes the word "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the expert", non just "an" expert in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English are described under "Utilise of manufactures". The, as in phrases similar "the more than the ameliorate", has a distinct origin and etymology and past chance has evolved to be identical to the definite commodity.^[v]

Article

The and that are common developments from the same Quondam English language organisation. Old English had a definite article se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Centre English, these had all merged into þe, the ancestor of the Mod English word the.^[6]

Geographic usage

An expanse in which the use or non-use of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

• notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, island groups (archipelagoes) and and then on – are more often than not used with a "the" definite article (the Rhine, the North Body of water, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
• continents, individual islands, authoritative units and settlements mostly practice not accept a "the" article (Europe, Jura, Austria (but the Republic of Austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (but the County of York), Madrid).
• commencement with a common noun followed by of may have the article, as in the Isle of Wight or the Isle of Portland (compare Christmas Isle), same applies to names of institutions: Cambridge University, but the University of Cambridge.
• Some place names include an commodity, such as the Bronx, The Oaks, The Rock, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Village, The Village (NJ), The Village (OK), The Villages, The Village at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the West End, the Due east End, The Hague, or the City of London (but London). Formerly e.g. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.^[seven]
• generally described singular names, the Northward Isle (New Zealand) or the West Land (England), have an article.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, well-nigh exclude "the" merely in that location are some that adhere to secondary rules:

• derivations from collective common nouns such equally "kingdom", "commonwealth", "spousal relationship", etc.: the Central African Republic, the Dominican Republic, the United States, the Britain, the Soviet Spousal relationship, the United Arab Emirates, including most country total names:^{[8] [9]} the Czechia (only Czechia), the Russian Federation (but Russian federation), the Principality of Monaco (but Monaco), the State of Israel (but State of israel) and the Democracy of Australia (only Commonwealth of australia).^{[10] [xi] [12]}
• countries in a plural noun: the Netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Union of the comoros, the Maldives, the Seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Bahamas.
• Singular derivations from "island" or "country" that hold administrative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Island and Norfolk Isle – do not take a "the" definite article.
• derivations from mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an article, even for singular, (the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[13] This usage is in decline, The Republic of the gambia remains recommended whereas use of the Argentine for Argentine republic is considered old-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to as the Ukraine, a usage that was mutual during the 20th century, but this is considered wrong and possibly offensive in modern usage.^[14] Sudan (simply the Democracy of the Sudan) and Southward Sudan (but the Republic of South Sudan) are written nowadays without the commodity.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the most often used words in English, at various times short abbreviations for it accept been constitute:

• Barred thorn: the earliest abbreviation, information technology is used in manuscripts in the Old English language. It is the letter þ with a bold horizontal stroke through the ascender, and information technology represents the word þæt, meaning "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
• þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript e or t) announced in Heart English manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
• yͤ and yͭ are developed from þͤ and þͭ and appear in Early Modern manuscripts and in print (see Ye form).

Occasional proposals have been fabricated by individuals for an abbreviation. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Printing-Surfaces, a proposal for a letter similar to Ħ to represent "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[15]

In Center English language, the (þe) was ofttimes abbreviated as a þ with a small e to a higher place it, like to the abridgement for that, which was a þ with a minor t to a higher place it. During the latter Heart English and Early Modern English periods, the alphabetic character thorn (þ) in its common script, or cursive form, came to resemble a y shape. Every bit a effect, the use of a y with an east to a higher place it () as an abbreviation became common. This can still be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the Male monarch James Version of the Bible in places such as Romans fifteen:29, or in the Mayflower Compact. Historically, the article was never pronounced with a y sound, even when so written.

The word "The" itself, capitalised, is used equally an abbreviation in Commonwealth countries for the honorific title "The Correct Honourable", as in eastward.k. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", brusque for "The Right Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[xvi]

References

1. ^ Norvig, Peter. "English Letter Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
2. ^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary.
3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Grade in Phonetics (6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
4. ^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 44.
5. ^ "the, adv.1." OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Web. 11 March 2016.
6. ^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved 18 June 2015.
7. ^ "Why is it chosen The Hague?".
8. ^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to use".
9. ^ "FAO State Profiles". www.fao.org.
10. ^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
11. ^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
12. ^ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names".
13. ^ Swan, Michael How English Works, p. 25
14. ^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? by Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
15. ^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
16. ^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Address, 21st ed., pp. 8–9. A & C Black, London, 2002.

Notes

1. ^ masculine, feminine, or neuter.